The examination allows detailed visualization of the bony and cartilaginous structures of the joint and contributes to the early diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip, a condition in which the hip joint does not develop normally, resulting in the femoral head not fitting properly into the acetabulum (hip socket).

When is Neonatal Hip Ultrasound indicated and what conditions can it detect?

The examination is performed when abnormal or inconclusive findings are identified during the newborn's clinical examination, as well as when risk factors for developmental dysplasia are present, such as a family history of the condition or breech presentation during pregnancy.

Hip ultrasound plays a particularly important role in the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), which encompasses a broad spectrum of abnormalities, ranging from immaturity and insufficient development of the acetabulum to instability, subluxation, or complete dislocation of the femoral head.

Ultrasound assessment can be performed using the Graf method, which is based on the morphological evaluation of the acetabulum and the measurement of specific angles, allowing objective classification of hip joint development. This is followed by a dynamic assessment to evaluate the stability of the femoral head within the acetabulum.

Ultrasound screening is usually performed after the first 4–6 weeks of life, depending on clinical indications, as physiological hip immaturity may be observed at younger ages. In cases of abnormal clinical examination findings, earlier investigation may be necessary.

Early identification of developmental dysplasia is particularly important, as it allows for appropriate monitoring or treatment, reducing the risk of future complications.

In recent years, hip ultrasound has increasingly become part of routine newborn screening.

Which anatomical structures are examined?

Neonatal Hip Ultrasound allows the evaluation of the following structures:

• Femoral head
• Acetabular roof
• Cartilaginous and bony structures of the joint
• Position and acetabular coverage of the femoral head
• Hip morphology and degree of maturation
• Joint stability (through dynamic assessment, when indicated)

Is Neonatal Hip Ultrasound safe for newborns?

Neonatal Hip Ultrasound is a safe, painless, and non-invasive examination that does not involve exposure to ionizing radiation and requires no special preparation. The examination is particularly suitable during the first months of life, as the cartilaginous structures of the hips have not yet fully ossified, allowing them to be visualized using ultrasound.

The absence of ionizing radiation allows the examination to be repeated whenever necessary to monitor joint maturation or assess treatment progress.

At our practice, all pediatric ultrasound examinations are performed using state-of-the-art equipment by a specialist pediatric radiologist, with the infant's comfort and safety always remaining our primary priorities.